invited Review
Resolution and optical sectioning in the confocal microscope
T. WILSON
In this short review, we present a self-contained discussion of the image formation properties of the fluorescent confocal microscope. The optical sectioning or depth discrimination property is discussed in detail and new analytic formulae are presented, which relate the optical sectioning strength to the wavelength, numerical aperture and pinhole aperture size in a particularly simple fashion.
Original Articles

The feasibility of Cryo In-SEM Raman microspectroscopy
J. HAZEKAMP, M. G. REED, C.V. HOWARD, A. A. VAN APELDOORN and C. OTTO
Experiments and quantitative analysis of frequency division multiplexing confocal fluorescence microscopy with UV excitation J. ZHENG, Y. JIANG, Y. ZHANG, P. TANG, A. HUANG and S. ZHUANG
Simple characterisation of a deformable mirror inside a high numerical aperture microscope using phase diversity
D. DÉBARRE, T. VIEILLE and E. BEAUREPAIRE
Distinguishing the parallel and vertical orientations and optic axis characteristics determination of azobenzene mesogen by conoscopic polarized microscopy
J. LIU, M. WANG, M. DONG, L. GAO and J. TIAN
Imaging of Bernal stacked and misoriented graphene and boron nitride: experiment and simulation
R. ZAN, U. BANGERT, Q. RAMASSE and K.S. NOVOSELOV
Figure of merit for environmental SEM and its implications
G. D. DANILATOS
Atom probe trajectory mapping using experimental tip shape measurements
D. HALEY, T. PETERSEN, S.P. RINGER and G.D.W. SMITH
A novel method for acquiring large-scale automated scanning electron microscope data
A.R. SHIVELEY, P.A. SHADE, A.L. PILCHAK, J.S. TILEY and R. KERNS
Quantitative detection of gold nanoparticles on individual, unstained cancer cells by scanning electron microscopy
L. HARTSUIKER, P. VAN ES, W. PETERSEN, T.G. VAN LEEUWEN, L.W.M.M. TERSTAPPEN and C. OTTO
Automated and semi-automated cell tracking: addressing portability challenges
A. KAN, R. CHAKRAVORTY, J. BAILEY, C. LECKIE, J. MARKHAM and M.R. DOWLING
On the sampling of three-dimensional polycrystalline microstructures for distribution determination
J. LUAN, G. LIU, H. WANG and A. ULLAH
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